Medication Safety Quality Measures
Anticoagulation is the term used to describe
the process of interfering with normal blood clot formation (coagulation) using
medication (anticoagulants). Anticoagulants (blood-thinners) are commonly used
for treating persons with cardiovascular disease and stroke as well other conditions.
Two
common anticoagulants that require careful management are: warfarin (Coumadin)
and heparin. Warfarin lasts for 72 hours in the blood stream and is given by
mouth, while heparin only lasts for a few hours in the blood stream and is
given intravenously (IV), or as an injection just under the skin.
Too much anticoagulation
can lead to bleeding (hemorrhage) and too little can lead to blood clot formation.
Blood tests are, therefore, required to determine the correct dose for each
of these medications. Anticoagulant dosages may need to be changed depending
on the following:
- individual blood clotting factors
- intake of certain foods, vitamins, and
medications
- body weight
- planned medical tests and procedures that carry a risk
of bleeding
The Agency
for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) recommends anticoagulant dosing
protocols (evidence-based formal plans for managing a disease or condition)
as an effective tool for helping to keep blood levels of anticoagulants within
the desired range for optimal health.
St. Mary's Hospital Medical Center uses anticoagulant management protocols for patients who are
at risk for developing blood clots and on anticoagulant medications.